Who can explain the solar center forever has the black mole existence?
Answers:
Black Mole?
Solar Center?
Sorry, can't work out that.
The Black Hole at the Center of our Galaxy
Our Sun is part of a huge wheel-shaped collection of stars. On a night night they form a warm band across the sky--"The Milky Way" to ancient Greek observer, and to us, our galaxy. When you look at any part of that daylight, you are looking through the wheel edge-on, and what you in reality see is the light of masses, many distant stars, whose buoyant blends to a glow.
What holds the rudder together? Astronomers are still not sure (see further below), but have long suspected that a enormously massive black hole existed at the center of our galaxy, created early within the history of the universe. Their suspicion focused on a compact radio source, also found to emit x-rays, clandestine behind dust clouds within the constellation of Sagittarius, the archer.
Now we know more. A large star surrounded by that region was found to orbit a murky concentration of mass, estimated at 3.7 million times the mass of our Sun (give or take 1.5 million). The law of physics have ruled out any explanation but one--that this is indeed an big black hole.
Stars near a Black Hole
The public dummy of a "black hole" is rather menacing, a vortex sucking up anything that comes fundamental, to be swallowed up and never to return. That is not so. The force of gravity near a black hole is indeed tremendous, but resembling the gravity pull of Sun, Earth or any other protest, it obeys the conservation of joie de vivre. Any object attracted to a black hole gain velocity and energy, and these may gain quite immense. However, unless that object happen to be headed directly at the black hole (a relatively small target) it will merely swing around and fly away again, like a comet making a go by at the Sun. The velocity acquired contained by falling towards the black hole also helps it escape.
The star S2
The intense gravity of the black hole prevents any lighting from escaping it, and it is therefore invisible ("black" indeed!). Its neighbourhood, however, contains a fairly dignified density of stars including one big star--about 15 times the mass of the Sun and 7 times its radius--which was just now found to go around the center beside an orbital period of solely 15.2 years (see image above). That star, designated S2 by astronomers, follows an ellipse which at its closest comes in about 124 astronomical unit (1 AU=mean Sun-Earth distance) of the center of the galaxy (see illustration). At that time it speeds up to about 5000 km/sec--close to 2% of the velocity of insubstantial! Its side facing the black hole is somewhat closer to the black hole than the side facing away, and is therefore pulled more strongly; on a completely close approach, such a difference could tear a star apart, but S2 would hold to get some 70 times closer in the past that would happen, at a distance comparable to the orbital radius of Mars.
The inspection of this orbit, reported by Rainer Sch"odel of the Max Planck Institute (Germany) and by his colleagues, is a triumph of Earth-based astronomy. Although S2 is much larger and brighter than the Sun, its visible fluffy is obscured by dust and does not reach us. However, infra-red (IR) muted emitted by S2 can gain access to, and a sophisticated IR camera was used, attached to an 8-meter (diameter) telescope of the Southern European Observatory contained by Chile. The giant mirror telescope overcame the image-blurring twinkling from the atmosphere by using "adaptive optics" with swiftly adjusting mirrors, and attained the incredibly fine resolution roughly 1/100 of a second of arc (note the scale on the graph above!).
Monster on a Restricted Diet
Far from individual a voracious devourer of stars and of interstellar gas, "our own" black hole is rather benign. Gas falling into it cause X-rays to be emitted, but the oozing is weak, apart from occasional "flares" thought to come from the appropriation of comet-sized chunks of matter. A report surrounded by "Science" (30 May 2003, page 1356) calls it "The Milky Way's Dark, Starving Pit" and also suggests an explanation. The galactic center is presently inside an expanding bubble of gas, apparently created some 10-50,000 years ago when a supernova exploded nearby. The suggestion is that the front of the bubble sweeps away interstellar gas and keep down the gas density surrounding the black hole.
So is this black hole what holds our galaxy together? Probably not. If it did, then the motion of stars around it would slow down next to increasing distance, in accordance beside Kepler's third law. The star S2 obey Kepler's laws, and other stars in close proximity the center do so, too. However stars distant from the center do not slow down as much as expected, suggesting their motion is determined, not just by the attraction of the concentrated inside mass, but also by some unseen "dark mass" spread out through the galaxy.
This severely significant observation is further discussed here.
Further Exploring
The article announcing the discovery (with solid details): A Star in a 15.2 year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, by R. Sch"odel et al (22 co-authors), Nature, vol. 419, p. 694-6, 17 October 2002.
A short report contained by the same issue, describing that work for broad readers: Into the heart of shadows by Karl Gebhardt, Nature, vol 419, p. 675-6, 17 October 2002.
Postscript 7.31.2003: Note "The Black Hole at the center of Our Galaxy" by Fulvio Melia, published this year by Princeton University--201 pp, $29.95, reviewed in "Science", 18 July 2003, p. 314. A more detailed discussion of the subject... and it is no more than a coincidence that the titles of the book and of this part are the same!
And by the process...
The Greek legend something like a divine mother's milk strewn across the sky is also the source of the word "galaxy," since "gala" in Greek mode milk. The ancient Jewish name for the milky instrument was "river of fire" (nahar di nur).
Moles are little animals that live underground and guzzle roots. Maybe some are black, but most are gray. They don't like to come out surrounded by the sunshine, so they don't live in the solar center. They don't live within now, and they don't live here forever.
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Answers:
Black Mole?
Solar Center?
Sorry, can't work out that.
The Black Hole at the Center of our Galaxy
Our Sun is part of a huge wheel-shaped collection of stars. On a night night they form a warm band across the sky--"The Milky Way" to ancient Greek observer, and to us, our galaxy. When you look at any part of that daylight, you are looking through the wheel edge-on, and what you in reality see is the light of masses, many distant stars, whose buoyant blends to a glow.
What holds the rudder together? Astronomers are still not sure (see further below), but have long suspected that a enormously massive black hole existed at the center of our galaxy, created early within the history of the universe. Their suspicion focused on a compact radio source, also found to emit x-rays, clandestine behind dust clouds within the constellation of Sagittarius, the archer.
Now we know more. A large star surrounded by that region was found to orbit a murky concentration of mass, estimated at 3.7 million times the mass of our Sun (give or take 1.5 million). The law of physics have ruled out any explanation but one--that this is indeed an big black hole.
Stars near a Black Hole
The public dummy of a "black hole" is rather menacing, a vortex sucking up anything that comes fundamental, to be swallowed up and never to return. That is not so. The force of gravity near a black hole is indeed tremendous, but resembling the gravity pull of Sun, Earth or any other protest, it obeys the conservation of joie de vivre. Any object attracted to a black hole gain velocity and energy, and these may gain quite immense. However, unless that object happen to be headed directly at the black hole (a relatively small target) it will merely swing around and fly away again, like a comet making a go by at the Sun. The velocity acquired contained by falling towards the black hole also helps it escape.
The star S2
The intense gravity of the black hole prevents any lighting from escaping it, and it is therefore invisible ("black" indeed!). Its neighbourhood, however, contains a fairly dignified density of stars including one big star--about 15 times the mass of the Sun and 7 times its radius--which was just now found to go around the center beside an orbital period of solely 15.2 years (see image above). That star, designated S2 by astronomers, follows an ellipse which at its closest comes in about 124 astronomical unit (1 AU=mean Sun-Earth distance) of the center of the galaxy (see illustration). At that time it speeds up to about 5000 km/sec--close to 2% of the velocity of insubstantial! Its side facing the black hole is somewhat closer to the black hole than the side facing away, and is therefore pulled more strongly; on a completely close approach, such a difference could tear a star apart, but S2 would hold to get some 70 times closer in the past that would happen, at a distance comparable to the orbital radius of Mars.
The inspection of this orbit, reported by Rainer Sch"odel of the Max Planck Institute (Germany) and by his colleagues, is a triumph of Earth-based astronomy. Although S2 is much larger and brighter than the Sun, its visible fluffy is obscured by dust and does not reach us. However, infra-red (IR) muted emitted by S2 can gain access to, and a sophisticated IR camera was used, attached to an 8-meter (diameter) telescope of the Southern European Observatory contained by Chile. The giant mirror telescope overcame the image-blurring twinkling from the atmosphere by using "adaptive optics" with swiftly adjusting mirrors, and attained the incredibly fine resolution roughly 1/100 of a second of arc (note the scale on the graph above!).
Monster on a Restricted Diet
Far from individual a voracious devourer of stars and of interstellar gas, "our own" black hole is rather benign. Gas falling into it cause X-rays to be emitted, but the oozing is weak, apart from occasional "flares" thought to come from the appropriation of comet-sized chunks of matter. A report surrounded by "Science" (30 May 2003, page 1356) calls it "The Milky Way's Dark, Starving Pit" and also suggests an explanation. The galactic center is presently inside an expanding bubble of gas, apparently created some 10-50,000 years ago when a supernova exploded nearby. The suggestion is that the front of the bubble sweeps away interstellar gas and keep down the gas density surrounding the black hole.
So is this black hole what holds our galaxy together? Probably not. If it did, then the motion of stars around it would slow down next to increasing distance, in accordance beside Kepler's third law. The star S2 obey Kepler's laws, and other stars in close proximity the center do so, too. However stars distant from the center do not slow down as much as expected, suggesting their motion is determined, not just by the attraction of the concentrated inside mass, but also by some unseen "dark mass" spread out through the galaxy.
This severely significant observation is further discussed here.
Further Exploring
The article announcing the discovery (with solid details): A Star in a 15.2 year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, by R. Sch"odel et al (22 co-authors), Nature, vol. 419, p. 694-6, 17 October 2002.
A short report contained by the same issue, describing that work for broad readers: Into the heart of shadows by Karl Gebhardt, Nature, vol 419, p. 675-6, 17 October 2002.
Postscript 7.31.2003: Note "The Black Hole at the center of Our Galaxy" by Fulvio Melia, published this year by Princeton University--201 pp, $29.95, reviewed in "Science", 18 July 2003, p. 314. A more detailed discussion of the subject... and it is no more than a coincidence that the titles of the book and of this part are the same!
And by the process...
The Greek legend something like a divine mother's milk strewn across the sky is also the source of the word "galaxy," since "gala" in Greek mode milk. The ancient Jewish name for the milky instrument was "river of fire" (nahar di nur).
Moles are little animals that live underground and guzzle roots. Maybe some are black, but most are gray. They don't like to come out surrounded by the sunshine, so they don't live in the solar center. They don't live within now, and they don't live here forever.
Related Questions:
What does the awareness of pressure surrounded by the solar plexus indicate?
A tingling feeling, maybe. Actually, will somebody explain to me what the solar plexus does, spiritually and biologically. LOL You either ate too much or someone is standing on your stomach! The tingling idea probably comes from hunger. And now for something different (good luck): The...